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Coal is a combustible organic mineral, formed from the remnants of ancient plants deposited which subsequently change shape due to the physical and chemical processes that last for millions of years. According to studies, the formation of coal begins with biochemical process, followed by geochemical process and physics process. At this stage, geochemistry and physics process is very influential on the rank of coal, for example, the changes in types ranging from peat to lignite, bituminous, to anthracite. Factors that play role in the geochemistry and physics process are temperature, pressure and time. Coal contains organic materials of more than 80%. Coal is in addition to a sediment deposition rich in organic matter as a maceral, coal also contains inorganic materials called minerals.
Coal fine is a by-product of the mechanical coal processing used at the coal mine. Coal fines, as a by-product of the coal processing is cumbersome to manage. Significant amounts of coal fines waste are stored in landfills or underground. Damp and low-calorie coal sediment materials are particularly difficult to load, to transport and combust. Coal fines briquetting is a pressure agglomeration method where coal fines are compacted into dense briquettes via roller press. The briquettes must be able to withstand rigorous handing and transport operations without disintegrating.